MOONEY M20 “PFM, MSE, TLS, EAGLE, ENCORE, OVATION, BRAVO”€

Gemini Sparkle

Key Takeaways:

  • Mooney's 1988-89 PFM (M20L) introduced a Porsche engine and a single-engine power control system (a FADEC precursor), but these engines were eventually removed due to liability limits.
  • In 1989, Mooney extended the M20 fuselage by 18 inches to improve comfort, leading to the M20M TLS (later renamed Mooney Bravo), known for its effortless high-speed cruise.
  • The venerable Mooney 201 (M20J), rebranded as the MSE in 1990, was discontinued by 1998 in favor of more powerful aircraft.
  • From the mid-1990s, Mooney introduced new M20 variants like the Ovation (M20R), Encore (M20K), and Eagle (M20S) as replacements, with the Ovation remaining in production while the M20 airframe continues to evolve.
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Mooney PFM

Mooney Ovation

Mooney Bravo

STANDARD DATA: (Ovation) Seats 4. Gross wt. 3,368. Empty wt. 2,205. Fuel capacity 89. Engine 280-hp Continental IO-550-G.
PERFORMANCE: Cruise Speed 190 KTAS. Stall 59 kts. Initial climb rate 1,250. Ceiling 20,000. Range 1,240. Takeoff distance (50′) 2,060. Landing distance (50′) 2,280.

STANDARD DATA: (Bravo) Seats 4. Gross wt. 3,368. Empty wt. 2,268. Fuel capacity 75.6. Engine 270-bhp Continental TIO-540-AF1B.
PERFORMANCE: Cruise Speed 220 KTAS. Stall mph 59. Initial rate 1,130. Ceiling 25,000. Range 1,050. Takeoff distance 2,050′. Landing distance 2,600′.


Mooney Bravo

Mooney Bravo

In 1988-89 Mooney offered the PFM (M20L), a regular M20 airframe with a Porsche engine up front. It was a first in many ways, primarily because it offered a high performance automobile manufacturer’s variant for an aircraft, and second, the PFM was the first airplane to have a single-engine power control, the precursor to what is now called FADEC (Fully Automated Digital Electronic Control). Porsche placed limits on their liability exposure by setting a finite availability for the PFM Mooney engine, all of which were eventually removed from their M20 airframes and returned to Porsche.

Also in 1989, Mooney addressed a common complaint about comfort in the M20 airframe, and extended the fuselage by 18 inches. The first model to take advantage of the new dimensions was the M20M TLS. With a 350-hp Lycoming, derated 270 hp, the TLS turned in an effortless 223-knot high-speed high-altitude cruise speed. The aircraft would ultimately be renamed the Mooney Bravo.

After testing a model-name change to Mooney 205, the venerable Mooney 201 was christened the MSE (Mooney Special Edition M20J) in 1990. That name would continue until 1998 when the 200-hp M20 was laid to rest in favor of more powerful newcomers.

Beginning in the mid-1990s Mooney began to search for a replacement for the 201, arriving first at the Ovation (M20R), with a 280-hp Continental. In 1997, Mooney searched for a lower-costing, entry level design, offering the 220-hp Encore (M20K). In 1999 they tried again with the 244-hp Eagle (M20S). Neither the Encore nor the Eagle remain in production, however the M20 airframe will doubtlessly continue to evolve for years to come.

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